How exactly to Fix Corrupt Windows System32 Config Process - Repairing System Issues in Your Computer

 Microcontrollers are generally dedicated to a specific purpose, so while they're really variable products nowadays, you will find a number of different (often conflicting) options for how you could want the hardware to work. You might think that this openbullet configs is performed in software, but what if you like the electronics to act a particular way from the begin? Keeping in mind that Microchip PIC products may "boot" in a matter of milliseconds, there wants to be a way you telling the electronics how to act prior to it starting up. This informative article addresses how to truly get your microcontroller based task working how you expect when it starts up.

Enter config parts, or, as they was once called, config fuses. Back the occasions when microcontrollers were program-once units, you actually did blow a blend to be able to program them. Nowadays, most micros have flash memory which can be set countless amounts of times, but there are still one-time-programmable (OTP) units about.

Whatever the case, there's a bunch of "config words" that establish how a micro is going to behave from the get-go. Let's look at a few of these choices (we'll select the PIC18F2620 being an example) and then see just how to plan them. Sourceboost gives you all of the config strings in a ready-to-use structure for including in your project. The format has the config pieces suffixed with the same title because the config term in order to make certain that the best pieces are getting in the right word. Of course, your config phrases is likely to be various if you're using a various microcontroller, but you should learn enough here to point you in the proper direction.

In the 18F2620, the config bits are saved in thumb, but at a top memory location. They're kept at 0x300001 and upwards. For historical reasons due to the way memory was once organized on PIC microcontrollers, config phrases are numbered with each quantity having a "high" and "low" byte.

CONFIG1L doesn't exist on the 18F2620. If it did, it'd live at 0x300000 location.

CONFIG1H includes parts that establish oscillator options. Usually, in Embedded Ventures jobs we try and use additional crystals which give more accurate and trusted results. That does burn up two hooks however, and occasionally these can be more essential than the rate at that your chip is running. The external gem oscillator is known as the HS oscillator (if you're doing the normal point of trying to run the micro as fast because it will go). In the 18F2620, you can also help the PLL component which will give you a four-times pace boost. From CONFIG1H will also be choices to enable the fail-safe clock monitor (that switches to the inner oscillator if the outside one fail, and an alternative allow the changing between various oscillator sources.

We usually recommend that you utilize an additional gem, and turn fully off any oscillator changing / failover modes. In prototyping, it is very important to have reliable, repeatable results (mostly to help you reduce the axes of error). It's possible to arrange the 18F2620 to launch utilising the inner oscillator (which operates at 8Mhz, or 32Mhz with the PLL enabled) and then change to the outside one (we work with a 10Mhz crystal with PLL enabled providing you 40Mhz). That offers you faster start-up from stops in rest mode or on bootup, if that's essential, however for prototyping, this is typically perhaps not necessary.

Our suggested config sequence for CONFIG1H:

#pragma DATA _CONFIG1H, _OSC_HSPLL_1H & _IESO_OFF_1H & _FCMEN_OFF_1H

CONFIG2L grips brown-out reset and the power up timer. Brown Out Reset (or BOR) is the ability for the microcontroller to reset it self if the present voltage falls below a specified threshold. It'll stay static in reset state until the source goes back within the threshold. This could mean some battery keeping (at least, once the battery is smooth beyond a particular stage, it'll stop wearing energy as quickly) - but when this occurs there's number functionality accessible anyway. The power on timer waits on initial power-on for the source to move above the BOR voltage ceiling, then hangs around for another 65ms before stopping points off for real. It will help assure your power is constant before trying to execute any code.

We've seen some pretty unknown effects from the 18F2620 when screening some LED exhibit panels. We thought the application was crashing or resetting the micro when in reality, that which was happening was the BOR had been tripped as more LEDs were illuminated and the energy source dropped. Therefore, unless you've got a real importance of it, we suggest changing it off. Leaving the energy offer to stay before starting the firmware, is usually advisable (you're not likely likely to spot the 65ms it takes).

#pragma DATA _CONFIG2L, _BOREN_OFF_2L & _BORV_2_2L & _PWRT_ON_2L

CONFIG2H offers you options for the watchdog timer. This is a timer that resets the PIC in a quantity of time (you may extensively establish the length of time that could be). It may be great want to reset your PIC if you're performing anything from which you might never recover - though hopefully you're prepared adequate signal this can't occur! As an alternative, the watchdog timer may also pull the PIC out of sleep mode. What this means is you can arrange for the PIC to get to sleep for a certain amount of time (if nothing else happens). For prototyping, we suggest switching the watchdog timer off. Should you allow it, ensure you reset the watchdog timer frequently or - effectively, you can guess what'll happen.

#pragma DATA _CONFIG2H, _WDT_OFF_2H & _WDTPS_128_2H

CONFIG3H has an accumulation of setting items. You can pick for the RE3 flag to be accessible (as input only) or for that pin to be MCLR (which resets the micro when pulled low). For prototyping, to be able to reset the micro by pushing a key is easier than dragging the power out.

The LPT1OSC touch allows the option of a "high power" style or perhaps a "minimal energy mode" ;.The reduced energy setting is more painful and sensitive in large sound environments. So if battery consumption is vital, you need to create your enterprise carefully. For prototyping, obviously, we'd suggest causing this in high energy mode.

PBABEN, enables you to establish if PORTB pins 0 - 4 should wake up as analog input pins or digital pins upon reset. Of course you can change this in application in the ADCON1 enroll at any time.

The CCP component is just a Catch / Assess / PWM module and a final CONFIG3H touch enables the "steering" with this productivity to be on both RC1 or RB3. This really is convenient to be able to modify if you need the other operation on one of these brilliant hooks (RB3 can also be analogue feedback 9 and RC1 could be Timer 1 oscillator input). Alternately, your PCB design might be easier if you may shift that result to at least one or the other. For prototyping, generally that doesn't matter possibly way.

#pragma DATA _CONFIG3H, _CCP2MX_PORTC_3H & _PBADEN_OFF_3H & _MCLRE_ON_3H

CONFIG4L includes some intriguing possibilities and reveals really clearly how essential it is to manage to arrange the PIC before startup.

The DEBUG touch allows equipment debugging. You are able to step through rule, collection breakpoints and etc - if you have your software set effectively and this bit cleared. Electronics debugging also needs the special use of RB6 and RB7 (also useful for ICSP programming). In every credibility, we find that serial result is generally ample to get insects, although you can debug lots of PICs with merely a PicKit2.

XINST enables the 18F expanded instruction collection mode. That isn't used by Sourceboost and in the event that you change it on by mistake (regardless of the compiler you're using) you will have some fairly volatile results. Among our readers used times searching for the thing that was wrong together with his code and then realize the XINST touch was set.

LVP provides you with the ability to plan the PIC using ICSP without requesting the "higher" Vpp voltage. There's a catch nevertheless - you need to commit the RB5 green (PGM) to becoming an signal if you are in programming setting or not. Given the PicKit2 produces the right voltage anyway, there doesn't seem to be plenty of value in changing this on for prototyping purposes.

Ultimately, the STVREN gives the option of getting the PIC reset if the collection overflowed or underflowed. If, as an example, you contact a lot of stacked features, it would allow the PIC to reset. When reset, you are able to examine why the PIC reset and report a fault. We recommend making this on - if your PIC boots in the midst of doing something, you can fairly think that you've consumed the bunch room (possible when you're strong in a stacked situation and then an affect occurs).